If the system boots in Safe Mode, it indicates that a third-party extension or application is likely causing the issue, which can then be addressed by removing or updating the problematic software. On the other hand, if the system fails to boot in Safe Mode, it suggests a deeper issue, possibly related to the operating system or hardware components. While checking system logs is also a valuable step, it may not provide immediate insights into the boot failure without first attempting to boot the system. Replacing the hard drive or reinstalling the operating system are more drastic measures that should be considered only after confirming that the issue is not related to software conflicts or third-party extensions. These actions can lead to unnecessary time and resource expenditure if the root cause is not accurately identified first. Thus, prioritizing the Safe Mode boot process is a strategic approach in the service process, aligning with best practices in troubleshooting methodologies.

Understanding the importance of network diagnostics is crucial, as connectivity issues can stem from various factors such as weak signals, interference from other devices, or even configuration errors. The Network Diagnostics tool not only helps in identifying these issues but also guides the user through steps to rectify them, such as suggesting optimal placement of the router or changing the Wi-Fi channel to reduce interference. In contrast, the Battery Health feature focuses on the device’s power management and does not directly address connectivity issues. While a device with poor battery health may experience performance issues, it is not the primary concern when troubleshooting connectivity. Similarly, the Device Storage Management tool is essential for maintaining optimal device performance but does not relate to network connectivity. Lastly, while keeping the software updated is important for overall device functionality, it does not specifically target the immediate connectivity problems the user is facing. Thus, utilizing the Network Diagnostics tool within the Apple Support App is the most effective approach for the user to identify and resolve their connectivity issues, as it provides targeted analysis and solutions tailored to network performance.

Furthermore, recommending a series of targeted troubleshooting steps—such as checking for energy-hogging applications, adjusting energy settings, or updating software—demonstrates a nuanced understanding of the problem. This approach not only respects the user’s prior efforts but also empowers them to take actionable steps toward resolving their issue. In contrast, simply advising the user to visit an Apple Store overlooks the potential for resolving the issue through community support and may lead to unnecessary costs and time delays. Similarly, suggesting a factory reset without considering the user’s previous troubleshooting steps could lead to data loss and frustration, as it disregards the context of the problem. Lastly, directing the user to other online forums without engaging in a meaningful discussion fails to provide the personalized support that is the hallmark of the Apple Support Communities. Thus, the most effective approach is to analyze the user’s situation comprehensively and provide informed, specific guidance that addresses their unique circumstances.

\[ \text{Usable Power Output} = \text{Rated Power} \times \text{Efficiency} = 500W \times 0.80 = 400W \] Next, we need to calculate the total power requirements of the system. The components require the following power: – CPU: 150W – GPU: 250W – Drives: 75W Adding these together gives: \[ \text{Total Power Requirement} = 150W + 250W + 75W = 475W \] Now, we compare the usable power output of the PSU (400W) with the total power requirement of the system (475W). Since 400W is less than 475W, the PSU is indeed insufficient to support the system’s total power requirements. The difference in power can be calculated as: \[ \text{Power Deficit} = \text{Total Power Requirement} – \text{Usable Power Output} = 475W – 400W = 75W \] Thus, the PSU cannot provide enough power, leading to the intermittent shutdowns experienced by the system. This scenario highlights the importance of considering both the rated power and the efficiency of a PSU when assessing its capability to support a system’s power needs. It also emphasizes the necessity for technicians to perform thorough calculations when diagnosing power-related issues in Macintosh systems.

By choosing to report the unauthorized software usage, the technician is acting in accordance with the ethical guidelines that govern their profession. This action not only protects the integrity of the software industry but also ensures that the technician is not complicit in the client’s illegal activities. Ignoring the violation or advising the client to continue using the software undermines the principles of honesty and accountability, which are crucial in professional conduct. Furthermore, the technician should consider the potential consequences of their actions. While reporting the violation may lead to immediate repercussions for the client, it ultimately serves the greater good by promoting lawful behavior and protecting the rights of software developers. The technician’s role is not only to provide technical support but also to educate clients about the importance of compliance with licensing agreements. In summary, the technician must prioritize ethical standards and legal compliance over personal relationships. This approach aligns with the professional conduct standards that require technicians to act with integrity and responsibility, ensuring that they contribute positively to the industry and society as a whole.

In contrast, disabling firewall settings compromises the network’s security, exposing the system to potential threats. Granting administrative privileges to all users increases the risk of accidental or intentional system misconfigurations and security breaches. A guest account with unrestricted access undermines the principle of least privilege, which is essential for protecting sensitive information. Lastly, using a single shared account for all employees eliminates accountability and makes it difficult to track user actions, which is critical for security audits and incident response. By following best practices that include encryption, user privilege management, and controlled application access, the IT administrator can create a secure environment that also supports productivity. This approach aligns with guidelines from organizations such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which emphasize the importance of a layered security strategy that protects data while enabling user functionality.

\[ \text{Time} = \frac{\text{Total Data}}{\text{Backup Speed}} \] In this case, the total data is 500 GB, and the backup speed is 10 GB per hour. Plugging in the values: \[ \text{Time} = \frac{500 \text{ GB}}{10 \text{ GB/hour}} = 50 \text{ hours} \] This calculation shows that the initial backup will indeed take 50 hours. Now, regarding the implications of using Time Machine alongside a cloud backup service, it is essential to understand the benefits of both systems. Time Machine is designed to create incremental backups, which means that after the initial backup, it only saves changes made since the last backup. This feature allows for efficient use of storage and quick recovery of previous versions of files. When combined with a cloud backup solution, the business can benefit from enhanced data redundancy. The cloud service provides an off-site backup, which is crucial in case of local hardware failures or disasters. Moreover, using both solutions allows for better versioning. Time Machine keeps multiple versions of files, enabling the business to restore not just the latest version but also previous iterations if needed. This dual approach ensures that data integrity is maintained, and recovery is swift, as the business can choose the most appropriate backup source depending on the situation. In conclusion, the best approach for the business is to continue using Time Machine for local backups while implementing a cloud service for off-site redundancy. This strategy maximizes data security, ensures quick recovery, and maintains data integrity through effective versioning and redundancy.

\[ \text{Screen time for youngest child} = 10 \text{ hours} \times 0.50 = 5 \text{ hours} \] Next, the middle child, aged 10, is to receive 30% of the total screen time. Thus, we calculate: \[ \text{Screen time for middle child} = 10 \text{ hours} \times 0.30 = 3 \text{ hours} \] Finally, the oldest child, aged 12, will receive the remaining screen time. To find this, we subtract the hours allocated to the other two children from the total: \[ \text{Screen time for oldest child} = 10 \text{ hours} – (5 \text{ hours} + 3 \text{ hours}) = 2 \text{ hours} \] This distribution ensures that the youngest child receives the most screen time, reflecting the parents’ intention to provide more access to the younger child, while still allowing the older children some time based on their age and maturity. In terms of parental controls, this scenario illustrates the importance of tailoring restrictions and allowances based on individual needs and developmental stages. The use of user accounts allows the parents to set specific limits for each child, ensuring that the youngest child can enjoy more screen time while still maintaining a balanced approach to technology use among all children. This method not only promotes responsible usage but also fosters an environment where each child’s needs are considered, aligning with best practices in child development and digital safety.

The most effective approach involves analyzing the user’s detailed description and suggesting targeted troubleshooting steps. This could include checking for software updates, which can often resolve battery life issues due to optimizations in newer versions of macOS. Additionally, guiding the user to perform battery health diagnostics can help identify whether the battery itself is functioning properly or if it needs replacement. Recommending a visit to an Apple Store without considering the user’s detailed post may lead to unnecessary inconvenience and does not utilize the community’s potential for problem-solving. Similarly, suggesting a factory reset as a first step overlooks the user’s previous efforts and may result in loss of data or settings without addressing the root cause of the issue. Lastly, advising the user to ignore the problem is not only unhelpful but could lead to further degradation of the battery’s performance. In summary, effective support in the Apple Support Communities requires a nuanced understanding of the user’s situation, encouraging a collaborative approach to problem-solving that is informed by the details they provide. This method not only fosters a supportive community environment but also empowers users to resolve their issues more efficiently.

The technician needs to allocate at least 50 GB for the new application. Therefore, the new size of the partition must be at least 50 GB. However, the technician also wants to ensure that there is at least 10 GB of free space remaining after resizing. To find the maximum size of the partition after resizing, we can set up the following equation: \[ \text{New Size} + \text{Free Space} = \text{Total Size} \] Let \( x \) be the new size of the partition. The equation can be expressed as: \[ x + 10 \text{ GB} = 80 \text{ GB} \] Solving for \( x \): \[ x = 80 \text{ GB} – 10 \text{ GB} = 70 \text{ GB} \] Thus, the maximum size to which the technician can resize the partition while still leaving at least 10 GB of free space is 70 GB. This ensures that the partition can accommodate the new application (which requires 50 GB) and still have sufficient space for future applications or data. In summary, the technician must consider both the requirements of the new application and the need for free space when resizing partitions. This scenario highlights the importance of understanding how Disk Utility functions in managing disk space effectively, ensuring that both current and future storage needs are met.

By creating separate SSIDs (Service Set Identifiers) for employees and guests, the business can effectively segment the network. This segmentation is vital for security, as it prevents unauthorized access to sensitive company data by isolating guest traffic from the internal network. Using WPA3 encryption enhances security further, as it provides stronger protection against unauthorized access and eavesdropping compared to older protocols like WPA2. In contrast, using a single SSID with MAC address filtering (option b) is less secure because MAC addresses can be spoofed, and it does not provide adequate segmentation. A mesh network without encryption (option c) poses significant security risks, as it leaves the network vulnerable to attacks. Lastly, a basic router with no security measures (option d) is not advisable, as it exposes the network to various threats and compromises both data integrity and user privacy. Overall, the chosen strategy not only meets the needs of the business in terms of device support but also adheres to best practices in network security and management, ensuring a safe and efficient environment for both employees and customers.

In contrast, HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus) does not support these advanced features. While it does offer journaling to help maintain data integrity, it lacks the efficiency of APFS in managing backups. The performance of HFS+ for large file transfers may be perceived as better in some scenarios, but this does not translate to an overall superior backup strategy. In fact, the ability of APFS to create and manage snapshots means that backups can be more frequent and less resource-intensive, allowing for a more robust data protection strategy. Furthermore, the misconception that APFS requires more frequent backups due to its snapshot feature is incorrect; in reality, snapshots can help streamline the backup process and reduce redundancy. Therefore, the introduction of APFS can lead to a more efficient and effective backup strategy, making it a preferable choice for modern data management needs.

When an application is signed by a recognized developer, it indicates that the developer has been verified by Apple, and the application is less likely to contain harmful code. Furthermore, downloading from the Mac App Store means that the application is subject to additional scrutiny and is more likely to be safe for use. In contrast, the other scenarios present various risks. An unsigned application from an unknown source poses a significant security threat, as it could contain malware. Even if an application is signed but downloaded from a third-party website, it may not have undergone the same rigorous checks as those in the Mac App Store, leading to potential vulnerabilities. Lastly, granting additional permissions without user confirmation can undermine the security model, as it bypasses the user’s ability to make informed decisions about their data privacy and security. Thus, the correct implementation of Gatekeeper not only involves ensuring that applications are signed and sourced from trusted locations but also emphasizes the importance of user awareness and consent in managing application permissions. This layered approach to security is crucial in protecting sensitive user data while allowing necessary application functionality.

To mitigate this, the technician should first ensure that the recent files are backed up separately. This can be done by accessing the user’s documents folder and copying the files to an external storage device or a cloud service. Once the recent files are secured, the technician can proceed with the full system restore from the backup. After the restoration is complete, the technician can then manually transfer the recently created files back to the restored system. This method adheres to best practices in software restoration, which emphasize the importance of data integrity and user data preservation. It also highlights the need for a systematic approach to data recovery, ensuring that the system is not only restored to a functional state but that user productivity is minimally impacted. The other options present various risks: overwriting the documents folder would result in data loss, relying on third-party tools may introduce additional complications, and reinstalling the OS without restoring from the backup could lead to a loss of critical configurations and applications. Thus, the outlined approach balances system integrity with user data preservation effectively.

Using Cat 5e cabling allows for data transmission speeds up to 1 Gbps, but it is more susceptible to interference compared to Cat 6 cabling, which is designed to handle higher frequencies and reduce crosstalk. Cat 6 can support data rates of up to 10 Gbps over shorter distances (up to 55 meters), making it a better choice for environments with higher data demands or potential electromagnetic interference. The administrator should consider the specific requirements of the network, including the types of applications being run, the potential for future upgrades, and the physical environment where the cabling will be installed. While Cat 5e may be a cost-effective solution for basic needs, Cat 6 provides a more robust performance, especially in high-density areas or where future-proofing is a concern. Thus, the choice of cabling directly impacts the network’s reliability and efficiency, reinforcing the importance of adhering to the maximum distance guidelines while selecting appropriate cabling for the intended application.

After force quitting, it is advisable to check for updates for the application in question. Software developers frequently release updates that optimize performance and fix bugs that may cause excessive resource usage. If the application continues to perform poorly even after updates, the user should consider looking for alternative applications that serve the same purpose but are more efficient. Increasing the system’s RAM can be a long-term solution for performance issues, but it does not directly address the immediate problem of a single application consuming too much CPU. Similarly, disabling all background applications may free up some CPU resources, but it is not a targeted approach and could disrupt the user’s workflow. Reinstalling the operating system is a drastic measure that should only be considered as a last resort, as it involves significant time and effort to back up data and reinstall applications. In summary, the most effective strategy involves immediate action to stop the problematic application, followed by checking for updates or considering alternatives, rather than taking broader or more drastic measures that may not directly resolve the issue at hand. This approach not only addresses the current performance problem but also promotes a more efficient use of system resources in the future.

Additionally, including recommendations for future maintenance is vital. This could involve advising the user on regular backups, software updates, or hardware checks, which can prevent future issues. Such recommendations demonstrate a commitment to customer service and can enhance user satisfaction. In contrast, a brief summary lacks the depth needed for effective communication and may leave the user with unanswered questions about the repair process. A technical overview of the system architecture, while informative, does not directly relate to the specific repair and may confuse the user. Lastly, simply providing receipts and personal notes does not fulfill the requirements of professional documentation, as it fails to convey the necessary technical details and insights into the repair process. Thus, the most effective documentation will not only meet industry standards but also serve as a valuable resource for both the technician and the user, ensuring clarity and understanding of the repair performed.

Replacing the hard drive may not directly address the kernel panic issue, as kernel panics are typically related to hardware components that affect the system’s core operations, such as the logic board or RAM. Updating macOS could potentially resolve software-related issues, but it does not directly test the hardware components that are suspected to be faulty. Disconnecting peripherals is a valid troubleshooting step, but it is less likely to yield results compared to directly addressing the RAM, which is a common culprit in such scenarios. In summary, the most effective next step is to reseat the RAM modules and rerun the AHT. This approach allows the technician to confirm whether the logic board is indeed the source of the kernel panics or if the issue lies elsewhere, thereby facilitating a more accurate diagnosis and resolution of the problem.

With 32 GB of RAM, the system can handle larger files and more simultaneous processes without significant slowdowns, leading to a smoother editing experience. This is especially important when working with high-resolution video files or applying complex effects, as these tasks can quickly consume available memory. In contrast, if the technician had chosen to upgrade to only 16 GB, while there would still be an improvement in performance compared to the original 8 GB, it may not be sufficient for demanding tasks, potentially leading to slower performance and increased reliance on disk swapping. The maximum supported RAM of 64 GB is relevant here, as it indicates that the system can handle even more memory if needed in the future. However, in this specific scenario, the technician’s choice of upgrading to 32 GB is optimal for enhancing performance in memory-intensive applications, providing a significant boost in efficiency and responsiveness. Thus, the decision to upgrade to 32 GB not only meets the immediate needs of the user but also positions the system well for future demands, ensuring that it remains capable of handling advanced tasks without performance degradation.

While reducing the application’s priority might seem like a viable option, it does not guarantee that the application will use fewer resources; it merely tells the operating system to allocate less CPU time to it, which may not resolve the underlying issue of high resource consumption. Increasing the system’s RAM can help with performance in general, but it does not address the immediate problem of an application using too much CPU. Lastly, disabling all background applications could be an overreaction and may not be necessary if the primary issue is isolated to one application. In summary, the most effective approach in this scenario is to terminate the resource-heavy application, allowing the operating system to redistribute CPU resources to other processes, thereby enhancing overall system performance. This understanding of resource management is fundamental in troubleshooting performance issues within the Macintosh Operating System.

Additionally, using a Virtual Private Network (VPN) adds another layer of security by encrypting the data transmitted between the user’s device and the office network. This encryption protects against eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks, which are common threats in public networks. The combination of NLA and a VPN ensures that even if the user is on an unsecured network, their connection remains secure. On the other hand, disabling security features (as suggested in option b) poses a significant risk, as it exposes the remote desktop to potential attacks. Similarly, using a standard remote desktop connection without additional security measures (option c) is inadequate, especially when the user is accessing sensitive information. Lastly, restricting access to the local network (option d) would prevent the user from accessing their desktop remotely, which defeats the purpose of setting up a remote desktop connection. In summary, the best approach is to implement both NLA and a VPN to ensure that the remote desktop session is secure and efficient, allowing the user to work effectively from various locations without compromising security.

Restarting the user’s computer, while sometimes helpful, does not directly address the specific problem of intermittent connectivity and may not yield useful information about the underlying cause. Similarly, instructing the user to disable their firewall could expose the system to security risks and does not provide a systematic approach to diagnosing the issue. This step should only be considered after confirming that the firewall is indeed the source of the problem. Asking the user to switch to a different internet service provider is impractical and unlikely to be a feasible solution, especially if the user is already connected to the internet. This approach does not address the immediate issue and could lead to unnecessary complications. In summary, the most logical and effective first step in this scenario is to check the VPN configuration settings. This approach aligns with best practices in remote support, where understanding the configuration and settings of the tools being used is essential for diagnosing and resolving connectivity issues efficiently.

Clock speed, measured in GHz, also plays a vital role in performance. A higher clock speed means that each core can execute instructions more quickly, which can enhance performance in both single-threaded and multi-threaded scenarios. However, it is essential to note that clock speed alone does not determine performance; the architecture of the CPU also influences how efficiently it can process instructions. For instance, newer architectures may have optimizations that allow them to perform more operations per clock cycle compared to older designs. Thermal Design Power (TDP) is another important consideration, as it indicates how much heat the CPU generates under maximum load. A CPU with a higher TDP may require better cooling solutions, which can affect system stability and performance if not adequately managed. Lastly, while cache size can impact performance, it is not the sole determinant. Larger caches can reduce the time it takes for the CPU to access frequently used data, but this factor is secondary to the core count and clock speed when considering upgrades for multi-threaded applications. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of cores, clock speed, architecture efficiency, and TDP is essential for making an informed decision about CPU upgrades in a Macintosh system.

Restarting the computer may temporarily alleviate the symptoms by clearing the RAM, but it does not address the underlying problem. This step is more of a band-aid solution rather than a diagnostic one. Reinstalling the operating system is a drastic measure that should only be considered after all other troubleshooting steps have been exhausted, as it can lead to data loss and requires significant time and effort to set up again. Checking the hard drive for errors is also important, but in this case, the symptoms point more directly to a software issue related to memory usage rather than disk corruption. By using Activity Monitor, the technician can gather critical information about the applications running on the system, allowing for a more informed decision on how to proceed with troubleshooting. This step is essential in diagnosing performance issues effectively and efficiently, ensuring that the technician can take appropriate action based on the findings.

In contrast, while option b suggests that the display replacement is incompatible, this is less likely to be the cause of system crashes, as a display issue would typically manifest as visual artifacts or failure to display rather than system instability. Option c, which proposes that the operating system needs reinstallation, could be a consideration if the crashes were related to software conflicts, but given that the hardware was just replaced, it is more plausible that the hardware connections are the root cause. Lastly, option d regarding faulty RAM modules could be a potential issue, but it would not directly relate to the recent hardware changes unless the RAM was also disturbed during the logic board replacement. Thus, the most logical conclusion is that the continued instability is likely due to improper seating or connection of the newly installed logic board, which can lead to power inconsistencies and system crashes. This highlights the importance of ensuring all connections are secure and properly seated during hardware replacements, as even minor oversights can lead to significant operational issues.

For instance, if the user has already tried resetting the System Management Controller (SMC) or calibrating the battery, suggesting these steps again would not be helpful. Instead, community members could recommend checking for software updates, examining energy usage in Activity Monitor, or exploring settings that may affect battery performance, such as display brightness and background app refresh. In contrast, recommending a generic battery replacement procedure fails to consider the user’s specific situation and may lead to unnecessary costs and effort. Directing the user to Apple’s official support page without engaging in the community undermines the collaborative spirit of the forum and may leave the user feeling unsupported. Lastly, suggesting a factory reset as the first step disregards the user’s previous troubleshooting efforts and could result in data loss and additional frustration. Thus, the most effective approach is to engage with the user based on their unique context, providing relevant and constructive feedback that fosters a supportive community environment. This method not only enhances the user’s experience but also promotes a culture of thoughtful and informed assistance within the Apple Support Communities.

\[ 30 \text{ minutes} + 60 \text{ minutes} = 90 \text{ minutes} \] The parent has set a daily limit of 2 hours, which is equivalent to: \[ 2 \text{ hours} \times 60 \text{ minutes/hour} = 120 \text{ minutes} \] Now, to find the remaining screen time, we subtract the used time from the total allowed time: \[ 120 \text{ minutes} – 90 \text{ minutes} = 30 \text{ minutes} \] Thus, the child has 30 minutes of screen time remaining for the day. Regarding the implementation of application restrictions, the most effective method is to set application restrictions through the Parental Controls settings in System Preferences. This allows the parent to specify which applications can be accessed by the child, ensuring that only age-appropriate content is available. Disabling the internet connection entirely (option b) would prevent access to online resources but could also hinder educational opportunities. Creating a guest account (option c) does not provide the necessary restrictions and monitoring that a standard user account with parental controls would. Allowing unrestricted access (option d) contradicts the purpose of parental controls, as it does not provide any limitations on application usage. Therefore, the best approach is to utilize the built-in parental controls to manage both screen time and application access effectively.

The appropriate next step is to replace the RAM modules. This is because faulty RAM can cause a variety of problems, including crashes, data corruption, and application errors. After replacing the RAM, it is essential to rerun the AHT to confirm that the issue has been resolved. This step ensures that the new memory is functioning correctly and that the previous failures were indeed due to the faulty RAM. While replacing the logic board might seem like a viable option, it is unnecessary in this case since the logic board has passed the test. Ignoring the memory test results would be a critical oversight, as it directly contradicts the symptoms reported by the user. Running a diagnostic on the hard drive could be useful in a different context, but given the clear indication of memory failure, it is not the immediate priority. In summary, the technician should focus on replacing the RAM modules and verifying the fix through further testing, as this aligns with the results of the AHT and the symptoms presented by the user. This approach not only addresses the immediate issue but also adheres to best practices in hardware diagnostics and repair.

In contrast, the CMOS battery primarily maintains the BIOS settings and system clock when the computer is powered off. While a dead CMOS battery can lead to loss of BIOS settings and incorrect system time, it does not directly affect the power supply to the motherboard. The chipset, which manages data flow between the processor, memory, and peripherals, relies on the motherboard receiving adequate power to function correctly. If the chipset is damaged or malfunctioning, it can lead to system instability or failure to recognize connected devices, but again, this is secondary to the power supply issue. Lastly, while RAM slots are crucial for seating the memory modules, if the power supply is not functioning correctly, the RAM will not be able to operate regardless of its physical connection to the motherboard. Therefore, ensuring that the power connector from the PSU is functioning properly is the most critical step in troubleshooting boot issues related to motherboard components. Understanding the interdependencies of these components is vital for effective troubleshooting and repair in Macintosh systems.

The most plausible explanation for the inability to access external websites is that the DNS (Domain Name System) settings on the devices are misconfigured. DNS is responsible for translating human-readable domain names (like http://www.example.com) into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network. If the DNS settings are incorrect or point to a non-functional DNS server, the devices will be unable to resolve external domain names, resulting in timeouts when trying to access websites. While the other options present potential issues, they are less likely given the context. A malfunctioning switch would typically prevent any communication between devices and the router, not just external access. Similarly, if the router’s firewall were blocking external traffic, it would likely also prevent the successful ping to the router itself, as the firewall would treat the ping as external traffic. Lastly, a faulty network cable connecting the switch to the router would likely result in no connectivity at all, rather than selective connectivity issues. Thus, the misconfiguration of DNS settings is the most logical conclusion based on the symptoms observed.