Explanation: The “ping” command is used to test network connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests to a remote host. It measures the round-trip time (RTT) for packets to travel to the destination and receive a response, providing information about network latency and packet loss.

Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model is responsible for reliable, end-to-end data delivery. It ensures that data is transmitted reliably and in the correct order by providing mechanisms for error detection, flow control, and retransmission of lost packets.

Explanation: The “show version” command is used to display information about the version of Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) running on a router. It provides details such as the IOS version number, hardware platform, uptime, and configuration register settings.

Explanation: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. It is used to discover the MAC address of a device based on its IP address, enabling communication between devices on the same network segment.

Explanation: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for managing and monitoring network devices. It provides a standardized framework for collecting and organizing information about device performance, configuration, and status, allowing network administrators to manage and troubleshoot network devices remotely.

Explanation: The Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model frames data for transmission over the network medium. It encapsulates network layer packets into data frames, adds MAC addresses for source and destination devices, and implements protocols for media access control and error detection.

Explanation: The “ifconfig” command is used to display the MAC address (also known as the hardware address or physical address) of a device on a local network in Linux. It also provides information about the IP address, subnet mask, and other network configuration details of each network interface installed on the system.

Explanation: The Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing. It handles logical addressing (such as IP addresses) and determines the best path for data packets to reach their destination across different networks.

Explanation: The Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for converting domain names (e.g., http://www.example.com) to IP addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1) and vice versa. It acts as a distributed database system that translates human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses.

Explanation: The “ping” command is used to test network connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests to a remote host and waiting for ICMP echo replies. It measures the round-trip time and packet loss between the source and destination hosts.

Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model ensures reliable, end-to-end data delivery. It provides mechanisms for error detection, flow control, and retransmission of lost or corrupted data packets.

Explanation: The “show version” command is used to display information about the version of Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) running on a router. It provides details such as the IOS version, hardware platform, and configuration register settings.

Explanation: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. It is used to map IP addresses to corresponding MAC addresses to facilitate communication between devices within the same network segment.

Explanation: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for managing and monitoring network devices. It provides a standardized framework for collecting and organizing information about device performance, configuration, and status, allowing network administrators to manage and troubleshoot devices remotely.

Explanation: The Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model frames data for transmission over the network medium. It encapsulates packets into data frames, adds source and destination MAC addresses, and implements protocols for error detection and correction.

Explanation: The “ifconfig” command is used to display the MAC address (also known as the hardware address or physical address) of a device on a local network in Linux. It also provides information about the IP address, subnet mask, and other network configuration details of each network interface.

Explanation: The Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring data integrity through error detection and correction. It accomplishes this by adding headers and trailers to data frames, which include error-checking information such as CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) to detect and correct transmission errors.

Explanation: The Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for converting domain names (e.g., http://www.example.com) to IP addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1) and vice versa. It acts as a distributed database system that translates human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses.

Explanation: The “ping” command is used to test network connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests to a remote host and waiting for ICMP echo replies. It measures the round-trip time and packet loss between the source and destination hosts.

Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model ensures reliable, end-to-end data delivery. It provides mechanisms for error detection, flow control, and retransmission of lost or corrupted data packets.

Explanation: The “show version” command is used to display information about the version of Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) running on a router. It provides details such as the IOS version, hardware platform, and configuration register settings.

Explanation: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. It is used to map IP addresses to corresponding MAC addresses to facilitate communication between devices within the same network segment.

Explanation: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for managing and monitoring network devices. It provides a standardized framework for collecting and organizing information about device performance, configuration, and status, allowing network administrators to manage and troubleshoot devices remotely.

Explanation: The Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model frames data for transmission over the network medium. It encapsulates packets into data frames, adds source and destination MAC addresses, and implements protocols for error detection and correction.

Explanation: The “ifconfig” command is used to display the MAC address (also known as the hardware address or physical address) of a device on a local network in Linux. It also provides information about the IP address, subnet mask, and other network configuration details of each network interface.

Explanation: The Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and packet forwarding. It manages logical addressing (such as IP addresses) and determines the best path for data packets to reach their destination across different networks.

Explanation: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used for automatic assignment of IP addresses to network devices. It simplifies network administration by dynamically allocating and managing IP addresses, along with other configuration parameters, within a network.

Explanation: The “ping” command is used to test network connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests to a remote host and waiting for ICMP echo replies. It measures the round-trip time (RTT) between the source and destination hosts and is commonly used for troubleshooting network connectivity issues.

Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model ensures reliable, end-to-end delivery of data packets. It provides mechanisms for error detection, flow control, and retransmission of lost or corrupted data packets.

Explanation: The “show version” command displays information about the version of the Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) software running on a router. It provides details such as the IOS version number, hardware platform, and configuration register settings.